Chovala chachipatala ndi chophimba pabala, mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphimba zilonda, zilonda, kapena kuvulala kwina.Pali mitundu yambiri ya mavalidwe azachipatala, kuphatikizapo gauze zachilengedwe, zopangira ulusi wopangidwa, ma polymeric membrane dressings, thovu polymeric dressings, hydrocolloid dressings, alginate dressings, etc. Zitha kugawidwa muzovala zachikhalidwe, zotsekedwa kapena theka-zotsekedwa ndi mavalidwe a bioactive.Zovala zachikhalidwe zimaphatikizirapo nsalu zopyapyala, nsalu zopangira ulusi, vaseline gauze ndi sera ya petroleum, ndi zina zambiri. Zovala zotsekedwa kapena zotsekeka zimaphatikizanso mavalidwe owoneka bwino, mavalidwe a hydrocolloid, mavalidwe a alginate, mavalidwe a hydrogel ndi mavalidwe a thovu.Zovala za bioactive zimaphatikizapo mavalidwe a ion siliva, mavalidwe a chitosan ndi zovala za ayodini.
Ntchito ya chithandizo chamankhwala ndikuteteza kapena kubwezeretsa khungu lowonongeka mpaka chilondacho chitachira ndipo khungu lichiritsidwa.Chitha:
Pewani zinthu zamakina (monga dothi, kugundana, kutupa, etc.), kuipitsidwa ndi kukondoweza kwa mankhwala.
Kupewa matenda achiwiri
Pewani kuuma ndi kutayika kwamadzimadzi (kutayika kwa electrolyte)
Pewani kutaya kutentha
Kuphatikiza pa chitetezo chokwanira cha chilondacho, chingathenso kukhudza kwambiri machiritso a chilonda mwa kusokoneza ndikupanga microenvironment kulimbikitsa machiritso a bala.
Natural gauze:
(Cotton pad) Uwu ndiye mtundu wakale kwambiri komanso wogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Ubwino:
1) Kuyamwa mwamphamvu komanso mwachangu kwa exudate yamabala
2) Njira yopangira ndi kukonza ndiyosavuta
Zoyipa:
1) Kuthamanga kwambiri, kosavuta kutaya madzi pachilonda
2) Chilonda chomatira chidzabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa makina mobwerezabwereza pamene chisinthidwa
3) Ndikosavuta kuti tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timene timapezeka kunja tidutse ndipo mwayi wopatsirana matenda ndiwambiri
4) Mlingo waukulu, kusinthidwa pafupipafupi, kuwononga nthawi, komanso odwala opweteka
Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa zinthu zachilengedwe, mtengo wa gauze ukuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono.Choncho, pofuna kupewa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe mopitirira muyeso, zipangizo za polima (synthetic fibers) zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza zovala zachipatala, zomwe zimakhala zopangira fiber.
2. Mavalidwe opangira CHIKWANGWANI:
Zovala zoterezi zimakhala ndi ubwino wofanana ndi wopyapyala, monga chuma ndi kutengeka bwino, ndi zina zotero. Komanso, zinthu zina zimakhala zomatira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.Komabe, mtundu uwu wa mankhwala alinso kuipa chimodzimodzi monga yopyapyala, monga mkulu permeability, palibe chotchinga tinthu zoipitsa mu chilengedwe kunja, etc.
3. Zovala za polymeric membrane:
Uwu ndi mtundu wa mavalidwe apamwamba, okhala ndi okosijeni, nthunzi wamadzi ndi mpweya wina ukhoza kulowetsedwa momasuka, pomwe zinthu zakunja zakunja, monga fumbi ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, sizingadutse.
Ubwino:
1) Letsani kuukira kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti tipewe matenda opatsirana
2) Ndiwonyowetsa, kuti chilondacho chikhale chonyowa ndipo sichimamatira pabalapo, kuti asabwerenso kuwonongeka kwa makina panthawi yosintha.
3) Zomatira zokha, zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, komanso zowonekera, zosavuta kuwona bala
Zoyipa:
1) Kulephera kuyamwa madzi
2) Mtengo wokwera kwambiri
3) Pali mwayi waukulu wa maceration a khungu mozungulira bala, kotero kuvala kotereku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pabalalo ndi kutuluka pang'ono pambuyo pa opaleshoni, kapena ngati chovala chothandizira cha mavalidwe ena.
4. Zovala za thovu polima
Uwu ndi mtundu wamavalidwe opangidwa ndi thovu la polima (PU), pamwamba nthawi zambiri amaphimbidwa ndi filimu ya poly semipermeable, ena amakhalanso ndi zomatira.Chachikulu
Ubwino:
1) Kuthamanga kwamphamvu komanso kwamphamvu kwa exudate
2) Kutsika pang'ono kuti chilondacho chikhale chonyowa ndikupewa kuwonongeka kwa makina mobwerezabwereza pamene kuvala kusinthidwa
3) Ntchito yotchinga ya filimu yowoneka bwino imatha kuletsa kuwukiridwa kwazinthu zachilengedwe zakunja monga fumbi ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, ndikupewa matenda opatsirana.
4) Yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, kutsata bwino, kungakhale koyenera mbali zonse za thupi
5) Kuteteza kutentha kwa kutentha, kusungitsa mphamvu zakunja
Zoyipa:
1) Chifukwa cha kuyamwa kwake mwamphamvu, njira yochotsera mabala otsika kwambiri imatha kukhudzidwa.
2) Mtengo wokwera kwambiri
3) Chifukwa cha kuwala, sikoyenera kuyang'ana pamwamba pa bala
5. Zovala za Hydrocolloid:
chigawo chake chachikulu ndi hydrocolloid ndi mphamvu kwambiri hydrophilic - sodium carboxymethyl cellulose particles (CMC), hypoallergenic mankhwala zomatira, elastomers, plasticizers ndi zigawo zina palimodzi amapanga thupi lalikulu la kuvala, pamwamba pake ndi wosanjikiza theka-permeable poly nembanemba dongosolo. .Chovalacho chimatha kuyamwa exudate pambuyo polumikizana ndi bala ndikupanga gel osakaniza kuti asamamatire pabalalo.Pa nthawi yomweyo, theka-permeable nembanemba dongosolo pamwamba amalola kusinthana kwa mpweya ndi nthunzi madzi, komanso ali ndi chotchinga kunja particles monga fumbi ndi mabakiteriya.
Ubwino:
1) Imatha kuyamwa exudate pamwamba pa bala ndi zinthu zina zapoizoni
2) Sungani chilondacho chonyowa ndikusunga zinthu zomwe zimatulutsidwa ndi bala lokha, zomwe sizingangopereka malo abwino kwambiri ochiritsira zilonda, komanso kufulumizitsa ndondomeko ya machiritso.
3) Kuwononga zotsatira
4) Ma gels amapangidwa kuti ateteze minyewa yowonekera ndikuchepetsa kupweteka pamene akusintha mavalidwe popanda kuwononga mawotchi.
5) Zomatira zokha, zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito
6) Kutsata bwino, ogwiritsa ntchito amakhala omasuka, komanso mawonekedwe obisika
7) Pewani kuwukiridwa kwa matupi akunja akunja monga fumbi ndi mabakiteriya, sinthani mavalidwe ocheperako, kuti muchepetse kulimba kwa ogwira ntchito ya unamwino.
8) Mtengo ukhoza kupulumutsidwa mwa kufulumizitsa machiritso a bala
Zoyipa:
1) Kuthekera kwa mayamwidwe sikolimba kwambiri, kotero kuti mabala otuluka kwambiri, mavalidwe ena othandizira nthawi zambiri amafunikira kuti azitha kuyamwa.
2) Mtengo wapamwamba wa mankhwala
3) Wodwala aliyense akhoza kukhala wosagwirizana ndi zosakaniza
Tikhoza kunena kuti uwu ndi mtundu wa kuvala koyenera, ndipo zaka zambiri zachipatala m'mayiko akunja zimasonyeza kuti kuvala kwa hydrocolloid kumakhudza kwambiri mabala aakulu.
6. Kuvala kwa Alginate:
Kuvala kwa alginate ndi chimodzi mwazovala zapamwamba kwambiri zamankhwala.Chigawo chachikulu cha kuvala kwa alginate ndi alginate, yomwe ndi yachilengedwe ya polysaccharide carbohydrate yotengedwa m'madzi am'nyanja ndi cellulose yachilengedwe.
Alginate Medical kuvala ndi ntchito bala chilonda kuvala ndi mkulu absorbability wapangidwa alginate.Pamene filimu yachipatala ikukumana ndi exudate ya bala, imapanga gel osakaniza omwe amapereka malo abwino onyowa kuti machiritso a bala, amalimbikitsa machiritso a bala komanso amachepetsa ululu wa bala.
Ubwino:
1) Kutha kwamphamvu komanso kwachangu kuyamwa exudate
2) Gel akhoza kupangidwa kuti chilonda chikhale chonyowa komanso chosamamatira pabala, kuteteza mathero a mitsempha komanso kuthetsa ululu.
3) Limbikitsani machiritso a bala;
4) Zitha kukhala zowonongeka, zogwira ntchito bwino zachilengedwe;
5) Kuchepetsa mapangidwe zipsera;
Zoyipa:
1) Zambiri sizimamatira zokha ndipo zimafunikira kukhazikitsidwa ndi zovala zothandizira
2) Mtengo wokwera kwambiri
• Zovala zilizonsezi zimakhala ndi ubwino wake ndi zovuta zake, ndipo aliyense wa iwo ali ndi miyezo yake yogwiritsira ntchito panthawi yopanga kuti atsimikizire chitetezo cha kuvala.Zotsatirazi ndi miyezo yamakampani yamavalidwe osiyanasiyana azachipatala ku China:
YYT 0148-2006 Zofunikira zonse pamatepi omatira azachipatala
YYT 0331-2006 Zofunikira pakugwirira ntchito ndi njira zoyesera za thonje loyatsira thonje ndi viscose wosakanikirana wa thonje
YYT 0594-2006 Zofunikira zonse pamavalidwe opangira opaleshoni
YYT 1467-2016 bandeji yothandizira kuvala zamankhwala
YYT 0472.1-2004 Njira zoyesera zama nonwovens azachipatala - Gawo 1: Zopanda zopangira zopangira ma compresses
YYT 0472.2-2004 Njira zoyesera zamavalidwe osavala azachipatala - Gawo 2: Zovala zomaliza
YYT 0854.1-2011 100% thonje nonwovens - Zofunikira pakugwira ntchito kwa mavalidwe opangira opaleshoni - Gawo 1: Zovala zopanda nsalu zopangira zovala
YYT 0854.2-2011 Zovala zonse za thonje zopanda thonje - Zofunikira pakuchita - Gawo 2: Zovala zomaliza
YYT 1293.1-2016 Lumikizanani ndi zida zamaso zowononga - Gawo 1: Vaseline gauze
YYT 1293.2-2016 Zovala zolumikizana ndi bala - Gawo 2: Mavalidwe a thovu la polyurethane
YYT 1293.4-2016 Zovala zolumikizana ndi bala - Gawo 4: Zovala za Hydrocolloid
YYT 1293.5-2017 Zovala zapabala - Gawo 5: Zovala za Alginate
YY/T 1293.6-2020 Zovala zapabala - Gawo 6: Zovala za Mussel mucin
YYT 0471.1-2004 Njira zoyesera zamavalidwe okhudzana ndi bala - Gawo 1: Kutsekemera kwamadzimadzi
YYT 0471.2-2004 Njira zoyesera zamavalidwe olumikizana ndi bala - Gawo 2: Kuthekera kwa nthunzi wamadzi pamavalidwe a membrane
YYT 0471.3-2004 Njira zoyesera zamavalidwe olumikizana ndi bala - Gawo 3: Kukana madzi
YYT 0471.4-2004 Njira zoyesera zamavalidwe olumikizana ndi bala - Gawo 4: Chitonthozo
YYT 0471.5-2004 Njira zoyesera zamavalidwe okhudzana ndi bala - Gawo 5: Bacteriostasis
YYT 0471.6-2004 Njira zoyesera zamavalidwe okhudzana ndi bala - Gawo 6: Kuwongolera fungo
YYT 14771-2016 Mtundu woyezetsa woyeserera pakuwunika momwe mabala amagwirira ntchito - Gawo 1: Mtundu wa bala mu vitro pakuwunika ntchito ya antibacterial
YYT 1477.2-2016 mtundu woyeserera woyeserera pakuwunika momwe mabala amagwirira ntchito - Gawo 2: Kuwunika kwa magwiridwe antchito
YYT 1477.3-2016 Mtundu woyezetsa woyeserera pakuwunika momwe mabala amagwirira ntchito - Gawo 3: Mtundu wa bala mu vitro pakuwunika momwe madzi amagwirira ntchito
YYT 1477.4-2017 Mayeso oyeserera oyesa kuwunika momwe mabala amagwirira ntchito - Gawo 4: Mtundu wa in vitro pakuwunika momwe mabala amamatira
YYT 1477.5-2017 Mtundu woyezetsa woyeserera pakuwunika momwe mabala amagwirira ntchito - Gawo 5: Mtundu wa in vitro pakuwunika magwiridwe antchito a hemostatic
TS EN 6005 Chitsanzo choyezera choyesa kuwunika momwe mabala amagwirira ntchito - Gawo 6: Mtundu wanyama wamabala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 kuti awone momwe machiritso amachiritsira
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-04-2022